- Acknowledgements
- Disclosure of Potential Conflicts of Interest
- 1. Introduction
- 2. Policy Overview
- 3. Analysis of State SIG Applications
- 4. Analyses of SIG-Eligible and SIG-Awarded Schools
- 4.1. Data Sources
- 4.2. Overview of SIG-Eligible and SIG-Awarded Schools
- 4.3. Characteristics of SIG-Eligible and SIG-Awarded Schools
- 4.4. SIG Funding to States and Schools
- 5. Summary
- Appendix A.
- Appendix B.
- Appendix C.
- List of Exhibits
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4.4. SIG Funding to States and Schools
SIG awards were allocated to states based on state Title I funding formulas; the total allocations ranged from $415.8 million in California to $8.6 million in Vermont (see Exhibit 19). Overall, ED has disbursed $3.19 billion in SIG awards to states. The average state award was $65 million, and the median state award was $39.7 million.
Exhibit 20 presents school and per-pupil average SIG award amounts by tier, intervention model, school size, and school level. The SIG Final Requirements (section II.B.5) specify that the LEA's total SIG subgrant must be between $50,000 and $2,000,000 per year for each SIG-awarded Tier I, Tier II, and Tier III school. On average, Tier I and II schools received total awards of $2.6 million and $2.47 million, respectively. In terms of annual per-pupil allocations, Tier I schools received the largest awards ($1,490 per pupil), and Tier III schools received the smallest allocation ($330 per pupil). Among the different intervention models, turnaround schools received the largest total awards ($2.96 million per school), while closure schools, not surprisingly, received the lowest level of funding.16 By school level, high schools received the largest total allocation ($2.37 million), whereas non-standard schools (i.e., schools with a grade configuration not falling within the elementary, middle, or high school categories) receive the highest per-pupil grants ($1,880).
Exhibit 21 shows the average total per-school and per-pupil SIG awards for each state's Tier I and II schools only. (Because Tier III schools received smaller SIG awards, on average, these data are presented separately in Exhibit 22.) Overall, the average total award is $2.54 million per school, while the annual per-pupil award is $1,330. In five states, the average annual per-pupil award exceeded $3,000, while in three states, the annual per-pupil award was less than $600. Among the 43 states and the District of Columbia with available data, average total school-level SIG awards varied, ranging from $620,000 in Vermont to $4.63 million in Illinois.
Relative to Tier I and Tier II SIG-awarded schools, an average Tier III SIG-awarded school received less funding, often because states opted to allocate the SIG funds across large numbers of Tier III schools. For example, Kentucky and Vermont funded 97 percent and 95 percent of their Tier III schools, resulting in annual per-pupil awards of $180 and $150, respectively. However, 3 states (Ohio, Texas, and Wyoming) funded 11 Tier III schools or fewer, and the Tier III SIG-awarded schools received larger awards—as much as $1,520 per-pupil in Ohio. The average total award amount for Tier III schools in Texas was $4.51 million, while the next highest average award was $1.66 million in Ohio (see Exhibit 22).
Exhibit 23 displays the average percentage increase in per-pupil spending from the SIG award over the baseline spending level (given in parentheses) for Tier I and Tier II SIG-awarded schools in each state. The unweighted average increase among the 43 states (and the District of Columbia) is 18.6 percent, while the weighted average (by student enrollment) represents a 15.1 percent increase in per-pupil funding across states.
Because states' funding strategies for Tier III schools differ from those for Tier I and Tier II schools, the percentage increase in annual per-pupil funding from SIG for Tier III schools are presented separately in Exhibit 24. The unweighted average increase in per-pupil funds among the ten states is 4.1 percent, while the weighted average (by student enrollment) is 7.2 percent. Thus, Tier I and Tier II SIG-awarded schools received, on average, greater funding increases over baseline spending with SIG than Tier III schools. However, there are variations by state: Tier III schools in Ohio received a greater funding increase (19 percent) than Tier I and Tier II schools in Ohio (13 percent). Also, although the average total award for SIG-awarded Tier III schools in Texas was over $4 million per school, Ohio still ranks higher in terms of the percentage increase in annual per-pupil funding from SIG.