| Table 4.2. | Summary of EDS Gains and Effect Sizes (Pretest vs. Follow-up) |
| Measure | Gain (Follow-up—Pretest) | Diff in Gain (ES-C) | Std Dev of Measure | Effect Size | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Even Start | Control | |||||
| Child Outcomes | ||||||
| PPVT | 7.80 | 7.75 | 0.05 | 15.0 | .00 | |
| WJR: Letter-Word ID | 33.55 | 37.87 | -4.31 | 24.2 | -.18 | |
| WJR: Dictation | 63.74 | 61.14 | 2.60 | 33.5 | .08 | |
| WJR: Applied Problems | 40.62 | 45.44 | -4.82 | 21.3 | -.23 | |
| WJR: Incomplete Words | 19.15 | 14.69 | 4.46 | 18.9 | .24 | |
| WJR: Sound Blending | 13.05 | 7.32 | 5.73 | 17.2 | .33 | |
| WJR: Early Development | 44.48 | 49.70 | -5.22 | 22.5 | -.23 | |
| Story & Print Concepts | 2.96 | 3.25 | -0.29 | 3.2 | -.09 | |
| SSRS: Soc Skills-Preschool | N/A | N/A | 3.16 | 15.0 | .21 | |
| SSRS: Soc Skills- Elementary | N/A | N/A | -0.73 | 15.0 | -.05 | |
| SSRS: Prob Beh-Preschool | N/A | N/A | 3.39 | 15.0 | .23 | |
| SSRS: Prob Beh-Elementary | N/A | N/A | 0.87 | 15.0 | .06 | |
| Vineland Communication Domain | N/A | N/A | -3.32 | 15.0 | -.22 | |
| Child School Record Outcomes — Preschool | ||||||
| Percent Days Attended (mean) | N/A | N/A | -4.04 | 17.08 | -.24 | |
| Percent Days Absent (mean) | N/A | N/A | 2.07 | 8.88 | .23 | |
| Child Ever Tardy (%) | N/A | N/A | 2.86 | N/A | 1.44 | |
| Child in Special Ed (%) | N/A | N/A | 2.58 | N/A | 1.21 | |
| Child School Record Outcomes — Elementary | ||||||
| Percent Days Attended (mean) | N/A | N/A | -1.70 | 11.92 | -.14 | |
| Percent Days Absent (mean) | N/A | N/A | 0.35 | 4.48 | .08 | |
| Child Ever Tardy (%) | N/A | N/A | -5.55 | N/A | -.77 | |
| Child in Special Education (%) | N/A | N/A | -4.87 | N/A | -.63 | |
| Parent Report of Child Literacy | ||||||
| Child Knows Alphabet (%) | 19.32 | 24.17 | -4.95 | N/A | -.80 | |
| Child Counts to 100 (%) | 25.87 | 38.71 | -12.84 | N/A | -.51 | |
| Child Knows Colors (%) | 39.01 | 32.26 | 6.75 | N/A | .99 | |
| Extent Child Reads (child age <2,6 yrs) | 1.87 | 1.33 | 0.54 | 1.10 | .49 | |
| Extent Child Reads (child age >2,6 yrs) | 1.31 | 0.79 | 0.52 | 2.22 | .23* | |
| Age-Appropriate Writing | 0.46 | 0.32 | 0.13 | 0.66 | .20* | |
| Child Knows Print Concepts | 1.37 | 1.73 | -0.36 | 1.93 | -.19 | |
| Parent Outcomes | ||||||
| WJR: Letter-Word ID | 7.52 | 4.77 | 2.75 | 21.4 | .13 | |
| WJR: Passage Comprehension | 5.92 | 6.50 | -0.58 | 16.1 | -.04 | |
| WJR: Word Attack | 6.38 | 2.50 | 3.88 | 13.5 | .29* | |
| WJR: Reading Vocabulary | 6.74 | 7.46 | -0.72 | 16.3 | -.04 | |
| WJR: Reading Comprehension | 6.28 | 6.98 | -0.71 | 14.9 | -.05 | |
| WJR: Basic Reading Skills | 6.91 | 3.87 | 3.04 | 15.0 | .20 | |
| Parent GED Attainment (%) | 9.88 | 2.50 | 7.38 | N/A | 4.28** | |
| Parent Employment (%) | 4.18 | 8.91 | -4.73 | N/A | 1.06 | |
| Annual Household Income | 0.36 | 0.32 | 0.04 | 2.05 | .02 | |
| Parent Report of Parent Literacy at Home | ||||||
| Variety of Parent Reading | 0.45 | 0.77 | -0.33 | 2.73 | -.12 | |
| Variety of Parent Writing | 1.33 | 0.91 | 0.42 | 2.33 | .18 | |
| Parent Report of Parent-Child Reading | ||||||
| Parent Reads Child Daily (%) | -1.87 | -4.95 | 3.08 | N/A | 1.23 | |
| Amount of Reading to Child | -0.02 | -0.02 | 0.00 | 0.80 | .00 | |
| Variety of Reading to Child | 0.11 | 0.07 | 0.04 | 1.39 | .03 | |
| Quality of Reading to Child | 0.87 | 0.72 | 0.14 | 1.63 | .09 | |
| Parent Report of Literacy Resources at Home | ||||||
| Number of Books Child Has | 0.58 | 0.52 | 0.05 | 1.16 | .04 | |
| Variety of Non-Print Resources | 1.15 | 1.14 | 0.01 | 3.11 | .00 | |
| Variety of Print Resources | 0.29 | 0.18 | 0.12 | 1.22 | .10 | |
| Parent Report of Parent Support of Child's School | ||||||
| Parent Participation in School | 1.64 | 1.20 | 0.44 | 1.94 | .23 | |
| Parent Opinion About School | 0.57 | -0.33 | 0.90 | 2.81 | .32 | |
|
* p<10 ** p<.05 *** p<.01 Note: N/A = not administered at pretest; effect calculated by comparing follow-up means. Effect for continuous variables calculated as (ES-C)/(sd). WJ-R sd is for children age 4, adults age 30-39, from Examiner’s Manual. PPVT, SSRS, Vineland sd is 15 (norm), for other measures sd is from pretest. Binary variable effect sizes are odds ratios. For binary outcomes measured over time, effect size is adjusted odds ratio, controlling for pretest. Table reads: Even Start children gained an average of 7.80 scale score points on the PPVT between pretest and follow-up. |
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