Research

Met evidence standards

One study examined the effects of Fluency Formula™. The study (Sivin-Kachala & Bialo, 2005) was a randomized controlled trial that met WWC evidence standards. The study began with 252 second-grade students from 12 classrooms in two suburban school districts in the Northeast. However, because the intervention targets lower-achieving students, the study authors focused only on students scoring below the 75th percentile on the Oral Fluency Assessment at pretest. The final analysis sample involved 128 students who scored below this level. The intervention group received the school's standard reading/English language arts materials and the Fluency Formula™ supplemental curriculum. The comparison group received just the school's standard reading/English language arts materials.

Extent of evidence

The WWC categorizes the extent of evidence in each domain as small or medium to large (see the What Works Clearinghouse Extent of Evidence Categorization Scheme). The extent of evidence takes into account the number of studies and the total sample size across the studies that met WWC evidence standards with or without reservations. ³

The WWC considers the extent of evidence for Fluency Formula™ to be small for fluency and comprehension. No studies that met WWC evidence standards with or without reservations addressed alphabetics or general reading achievement.