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Character Education
References
Met WWC evidence standards
Flay, B., Acock, A., Vuchinich, S., & Beets, M. (2006). Progress report of the randomized trial of Positive Action in Hawaii: End of third year of intervention. Available from Positive Action, Inc. 264 4th Avenue South, Twin Falls, ID 83301.
Met WWC evidence standards with reservations
Flay, B. R., & Allred, C. G. (2003). Long-term effects of the Positive Action program. American Journal of Healthy Behavior, 27 (1), 6–21.
Did not meet WWC evidence screens
Allred, C. G. (1984). The Positive Action program: An evaluation. Royal School, Honolulu School District, HI. Twin Falls, ID: Positive Action, Inc.5
Burcham, S. (1992). Improving the academic self-esteem of elementary students. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova University, Fort Lauderdale-Davie, FL.6
Flay, B. R., & Ordway, N. (1999). Effectiveness of the Positive Action program: Changes in school-level percentile achievement rankings and disciplinary report. Twin Falls, ID: Positive Action, Inc.6
Flay, B. R. (2001). An intensive case study of the Positive Action program as a comprehensive school reform demonstration program: Year 2 results. Twin Falls, ID: Positive Action, Inc.6
Additional citation
Flay, B. R. (2000). An intensive case study of the Positive Action® program as a comprehensive school reform demonstration program. Twin Falls, ID: Positive Action, Inc.
Flay, B. R., Allred, C. G., & Ordaway, N. (2001). Effects of the Positive Action program on achievement and discipline: Two matched control comparisons. Prevention Science, 2 (2), 71–88.7
Flay, B. R., & Slagel, M. (2006, July). The Positive Action Family Program: A pilot randomized trial. Available from the Positive Action, Inc., 264 4th Avenue South, Twin Falls, ID 83301.8
Heuer, L. G. (1995). Behavior, attitudes, and knowledge related to drug and alcohol prevention curricula in North Dakota seventh through twelve grade students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 56 (10), 3826. (UMI No. 9605472).6
Hoyer-Rufner, C. S. (1994). The Positive Action curriculum for fifth graders: An exploratory study of accuracy of self-perceptions and self-esteem. Dissertation Abstracts International, 54 (7), 2513A. (UMI No. 9333361).6
Waggoner-Weir, M. S. (1991). The Positive Action program and self-esteem of 6th-grade students. Dissertation Abstracts International, 52 (07), 2417. (UMI No. 9136806).5
West, B. G. (1997). The effects of improving the self-esteem on academic performance of fourth-grade students in a rural elementary school. Dissertation Abstracts International, 58 (03), 691. (UMI No. 9726368).9
Woodward, J. R. (1996). Improving academic achievement of fourth-grade students through a program of self-concept enhancement activities. Unpublished doctoral dissertation, Nova Southeastern University, Jacksonville, FL.9
6 Does not use a strong causal design: the study did not use a comparison group.
7 Does not use a strong causal design: the study, which used a quasi-experimental design, did not establish that the comparison group was equivalent to the treatment group at the baseline.
8 The sample is not appropriate to this review.
9 Complete data are not reported: the WWC could not compute effect sizes.