Table 1. Effectiveness ratings for 13 programs in three domains

Intervention	Behavior		Knowledge, attitudes, and values		Academic achievement
	Rating of effectiveness	Extent of evidence	Rating of effectiveness	Extent of evidence	Rating of effectiveness	Extent of evidence
Building Decision Skills (Developer Website)				Small
Caring School Community™ (CSC) (Developer Website)		Medium to large		Medium to large		Medium to large
Connect with Kids (Developer Website)		Small
Facing History and Ourselves (Developer Website)		Small		Small
Heartwood Ethics Curriculum (Developer Website)		Small		Small
Lessons in Character (Developer Website)		Small		Medium to large		Small
Positive Action (Developer Website)		Medium to large				Medium to large
Skills for Action (Developer Website)				Small
Skills for Adolescence (Developer Website)		Small
Too Good for Drugs™ (TGFD) (Developer Website)		Small		Medium to large
Too Good for Drugs and Violence (TGFD & V) (Developer Website)				Medium to large
Too Good For Violence (TGFV) (Developer Website)		Small		Small
Voices Literature and Character Education (Voices LACE) (Developer Website)				Small
Key
Positive effects: strong evidence of a positive effect with no overriding contrary evidence			Potentially positive effects: evidence of a positive effect with no overriding contrary evidence
Mixed effects: evidence of inconsistent effects			No discernible effects: no affirmative evidence of effects
Potentially negative effects: evidence of a negative effect with no overriding contrary evidence			Negative effects: strong evidence of a negative effect with no overriding contrary evidence

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Figure 1. Behavior: average improvement

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Figure 2. Knowledge, attitudes, and values: average improvement

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Figure 3. Academic achievement: average improvement

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Table 2. Programs reviewed with no studies meeting WWC evidence screens

A Celebration of Character (http://www.kkconsult.com/celebration.htm)

AEGIS (Acquiring Ethical Guidelines for Individual Self. governance; http://www.aegis-character.com/)

Building Esteem in Students Today (BEST) (no website available)

The Caring Habits Experience (http://www.jeffersoncenter.org/index.html)

Changing Lives (http://www.mark1.org/changinglives/)

Character Building & Reading Mastery (http://www.kkconsult.com/readitheedit.htm)

Character Counts! (http://www.charactercounts.org/)

Character First! (http://www.characterfirst.com)

CHARACTERplus (http://characterplus.org/)

Community of Caring (http://communityofcaring.org/AboutCofC/overview.html)

ESSENTIAL Curriculum/Project Essential (http://www.teelinstitute.org/home.htm)

The Giraffe Heroes Program (http://www.giraffe.org/)

"I Care" Parental Involvement Character Curriculum (http://www.icarenow.com/)

Learning for Life (http://www.learningforlife.org/lfl/)

Living Values: Educational Program (http://www.livingvalues.net/)

Love in a Big World (http://www.loveinabigworld.org/)

Making Meaning (http://www.devstu.org/)

Open Circle (http://www.open-circle.org/)

Pathways to Character (http://www.epicforchildren.org/)

Peace Education (http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/peace/index.asp)

Project Wisdom (http://www.projectwisdom.com/)

Resolving Conflicts Creatively Program (http://www.esrnational.org)

Skills for Growing (http://www.lions-quest.org/)

Smart and Good (http://www.cortland.edu/character/highschool/)

Success through Accepting Responsibility (S. T. A. R.) (http://www.jeffersoncenter.org/programs/jc_star_teaching.html)

Tribes TLC® (http://www.tribes.com/)

Wisdom for Life (http://www.livewiremedia.com/wisdom.html)

WiseSkills® (http://www.wiseskills.com/)

Note: Following each program name is the developer's website address.

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