References

Studies that fall outside the Early Childhood Education protocol or do not meet evidence standards

Anderson-Abrams, L. M. (2006). Empirically derived reading instruction developing word level skills with Breakthrough to Literacy’s technology. Unpublished doctoral thesis. State University of New York at Buffalo, New York. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

Bennett, C. (2006). What are the effects of “Breakthrough to Literacy” in a prekindergarten classroom? Unpublished master’s thesis. Midwestern State University, Wichita Falls, TX. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the measures of effect cannot be attributed solely to the intervention — there was only one unit of analysis in one or both conditions.

Browne, A. (2001). Parent involvement at home: Assessing the parental component of our new Breakthrough to Literacy program. Master’s project, State University College at Buffalo. The study was ineligible for review because it does not include an outcome within a domain specified in the protocol.

Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. (2001-2002). Controlled study: Early grade readiness-exiting kindergarteners. Breakthrough to Literacy, Thompson Child Development Center. Charlotte, NC. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Charlotte-Mecklenburg Schools. (2001-2002). Pretest/Posttest: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition-Prekindergarten. Breakthrough to Literacy, Thompson Child Development Center. Charlotte, NC. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Commission of the States. (1999). Breakthrough to Literacy. Denver, CO. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

DeZavala Elementary — Forth Worth, TX. (2002). Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 1998-1999. The new three Rs: Research, reading, and results. Breakthrough to Literacy. NY: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

English, E. M. (1996). The effects of the addition of the Breakthrough to Literacy program for kindergarten children. Unpublished master’s thesis, Mercer University. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

Fort Worth Independent School District — Fort Worth, TX. (2005). Evaluation of instructional programs: Fort Worth Independent School District. TX: Gibson Consulting Group. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

Fort Worth Independent School District — Fort Worth, TX. (2003). Controlled study: Stanford Achievement Tests, Ninth Edition-Kindergarten reading. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

Foster, J. A. (2001). The effect of the Breakthrough to Literacy program on kindergarten writing quality. Unpublished master’s thesis, Mercer University. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

Gardiner, J. (1995). How the fours are faring. Times Educational Supplement, (4113), 10. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

Glynn County Schools – Brunswick, GA. (2001-2002). Controlled study: Letter sound assessment-prekindergarten. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

Glynn County Schools – Brunswick, GA. Controlled study: Letter identification assessment-prekindergarten, 2001-2002. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

Glynn County Schools – Brunswick, GA. Pretest/Posttest: District literacy assessment–prekindergarten, Fall 2002-Spring 2003. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Grand Rapids, MI, Preschool Work Sampling, 1997-1998. (2002). The new three Rs: Research, reading, and results. Breakthrough to Literacy. NY: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

Grand Rapids Public Schools. Michigan Education Special Services Association. (1997-98). Breakthrough to Literacy program evaluation. Grand Rapids, MI. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

How the well-known CSR models match up. (2007). Education Daily, 40(40; 40), 7-7. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

Hurtig, R., & Layzer, C. (2007). CLIMBERs second year implementation report. In IES annual performance report. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline and the overall attrition rate exceeds WWC standards for this area.

I.M. Terrell Elementary-Fort Worth, TX: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, 1999-2000. (2002). The new three Rs: Research, reading, and results. Breakthrough to Literacy. NY: Wright Group/McGraw-Hill. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Layzer, J. I., Layzer, C. J., Goodson, B. D., & Price, C. (2007). Evaluation of child care subsidy strategies: Findings from Project Upgrade in Miami-Dade County. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Administration for Children and Families, Office of Planning, Research, and Evaluation. Washington, DC. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline and the overall attrition rate exceeds WWC standards for this area.

Lowe, K., Nelson, A. L., O’Donnell, K., & Walker, M. C. (2001). Improving reading skills. (Master of Arts Action Research Project, Saint Xavier University and SkyLight Professional Development Field-Based Master’s Program). The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

McGraw-Hill Companies, New York, NY. (2002). Sharing responsibility for results: Breakthrough to literacy. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

Miot, C. (2001). The interaction of the Breakthrough to Literacy method and public school experience in kindergarten students’ achievement. Unpublished master’s thesis, Columbia College. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

New Haven Public Schools-New Haven, CT. Controlled study: Concepts about print assessment-entering kindergarten, Fall 2002. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study did not meet WWC evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline.

New Haven Public Schools-New Haven, CT. Pretest/Posttest: Phonological Awareness Literacy Screening (PALS)-prekindergarten, January 2003-June 2003. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Senate listens, learns about literacy program. (2001). ASHA Leader, 6(16), 4. The study was ineligible for review because it does not examine the effectiveness of an intervention.

Tancredo, D. E. (2001). The effects of Breakthrough to Literacy on oral language development at the kindergarten level. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

Union County Public Schools, Walter Bickett Elementary School- Monroe, NC. Pretest/Posttest: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition-prekindergarten, October 2001-May 2002. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Union County Public Schools-Monroe, NC. Pretest/Posttest: Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test, Third Edition-Prekindergarten, August/September 2002-May 2003. Breakthrough to Literacy. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a comparison group.

Williams, K. A. (2002). The impact of Breakthrough to Literacy and classroom context on the literacy performance of kindergarten students. Unpublished doctoral thesis, University of North Carolina at Charlotte. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

Woodward, A. W. (2007). The effects of Breakthrough to Literacy on the phonological awareness skills of students in early elementary school. Dissertation Abstracts International Section A: Humanities and Social Sciences, 68(5-A), 1825. The study was ineligible for review because it does not use a sample within the age or grade range specified in the protocol.

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