¹ This report has been updated to include reviews of 58 studies that have been released since 2005 or were additionally identified but published prior to 2005. Of the additional studies, 51 were not within the scope of the protocol, and seven were within the scope of the protocol but did not meet evidence standards. Additionally, two studies that met standards with reservations in the previous version (Ridgway, Zawojewski, Hoover, & Lambdin, 2002; Riordan & Noyce, 2001) no longer meet evidence standards because the intervention and comparison groups are not shown to be equivalent at baseline. (The protocol for the middle school math area was revised to specify that groups must be equivalent on the pretest for a quasi-experimental design, and establishing equivalence with prior cohorts is now limited to adjacent cohorts.) A complete list and disposition of all studies reviewed is provided in the references.
² The descriptive information for this program was obtained from a publicly available source: the program’s website (http://connectedmath.msu.edu/, downloaded August 2008). The WWC requests developers to review the program description sections for accuracy from their perspective. Further verification of the accuracy of the descriptive information for this program is beyond the scope of this review. The literature search reflects documents publicly available by August 2008.
³ The studies in this report were reviewed using WWC Evidence Standards, Version 1.0 (see the WWC Standards).
⁴ The evidence presented in this report is based on available research. Findings and conclusions may change as new research becomes available.
⁵ These numbers show the average and range of improvement indices for all findings across the studies.