Gary Ladd

Developmental and educational psychologists have long recognized that children's relations and interactions with peers are important contexts for learning. Peer-mediated learning (PML) activities (e.g., peer collaboration and tutoring) are widely used in U.S. schools to increase student motivation, engagement, and achievement, with nearly 80% of elementary school teachers using peer-mediated learning activities on a regular basis. The extent to which children benefit from PML activities de...