In March 2020, the National Center for Special Education Research (NCSER) virtually convened a group of experts to discuss gaps in research on eighth grade mathematics for students with disabilities (SWD) that could be addressed with the NAEP process data and data science techniques for this research. Invited experts also provided recommendations for researchers interested in using the NAEP process data. The discussion focused on the following topics: (1) NAEP assessment and restricted-use files, (2) NAEP administration for SWD, (3) universal design for assessment features and testing accommodations, (4) student cognition and learning in mathematics, (5) data mining using process data from digital assessments, (6) overview of the NAEP process data, (7) eighth grade mathematics and SWD, (8) common student misconceptions in eighth grade mathematics content, and (9) recommendations for conducting research using NAEP data.