Classroom questioning with immediate electronic response: Do clickers improve learning?
Yourstone, S. A., Kraye, H. S., & Albaum, G. (2008). Decision Sciences Journal of Innovative Education, 6, 75–88.
-
examining81Students, gradePS
Practice Guide
Review Details
Reviewed: April 2019
- Practice Guide (findings for Clickers)
- Randomized Controlled Trial
- Meets WWC standards without reservations because it is a randomized controlled trial with low attrition.
This review may not reflect the full body of research evidence for this intervention.
Evidence Tier rating based solely on this study. This intervention may achieve a higher tier when combined with the full body of evidence.
Findings
|
Outcome measure |
Comparison | Period | Sample |
Intervention mean |
Comparison mean |
Significant? |
Improvement index |
Evidence tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Course Midterm - Instructor A |
Clickers vs. Business as usual |
0 Semesters |
Full sample;
|
72.60 |
66.70 |
No |
-- | |
|
Course Midterm - Instructor B |
Clickers vs. Business as usual |
0 Semesters |
Full sample;
|
81.00 |
74.20 |
No |
-- | |
|
Course Final Exam - Instructor A |
Clickers vs. Business as usual |
0 Semesters |
Full sample;
|
64.20 |
60.90 |
No |
-- | |
|
Course Final Exam - Instructor B |
Clickers vs. Business as usual |
0 Semesters |
Full sample;
|
62.00 |
58.30 |
No |
-- |
Evidence Tier rating based solely on this study. This intervention may achieve a higher tier when combined with the full body of evidence.
Sample Characteristics
Characteristics of study sample as reported by study author.
-
- B
- A
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- I
- H
- J
- K
- L
- P
- M
- N
- O
- Q
- R
- S
- V
- U
- T
- W
- X
- Z
- Y
- a
- h
- i
- b
- d
- e
- f
- c
- g
- j
- k
- l
- m
- n
- o
- p
- q
- r
- s
- t
- u
- v
- x
- w
- y
New Mexico
Study Details
Setting
This study took place in the spring of 2006 at New Mexico University, in four undergraduate sections of an Introduction to Operations Management class with a total of 190 students.
Study sample
Sample characteristics are not provided.
Intervention Group
Students in the treatment sections took 21 quizzes using clickers. Each quiz had a total of 7-12 questions. For each question, the instructor provided a set amount of time, depending on the type of question. At the end of allotted time for each question, students were shown the number of students who selected each response option and the correct option. For questions in which many students answered incorrectly, the instructor explained the correct answer to the class.
Comparison Group
Comparison sections covered the same content as treatment sections and had the same questions on quizzes, but the quizzes were paper and pencil. Students could answer the quiz questions in any order as long as they did not spend a total of more than 15 minutes on the quiz. Quizzes were returned the following week, and at that time students could ask about questions they got wrong.
Support for implementation
No additional support was provided besides the provision of clickers.
An indicator of the effect of the intervention, the improvement index can be interpreted as the expected change in percentile rank for an average comparison group student if that student had received the intervention.
For more, please see the WWC Glossary entry for improvement index.
An outcome is the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are attained as a result of an activity. An outcome measures is an instrument, device, or method that provides data on the outcome.
A finding that is included in the effectiveness rating. Excluded findings may include subgroups and subscales.
The sample on which the analysis was conducted.
The group to which the intervention group is compared, which may include a different intervention, business as usual, or no services.
The timing of the post-intervention outcome measure.
The number of students included in the analysis.
The mean score of students in the intervention group.
The mean score of students in the comparison group.
The WWC considers a finding to be statistically significant if the likelihood that the finding is due to chance alone, rather than a real difference, is less than five percent.
The WWC reviews studies for WWC products, Department of Education grant competitions, and IES performance measures.
The name and version of the document used to guide the review of the study.
The version of the WWC design standards used to guide the review of the study.
The result of the WWC assessment of the study. The rating is based on the strength of evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention. Studies are given a rating of Meets WWC Design Standards without Reservations, Meets WWC Design Standards with Reservations, or >Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards.
A related publication that was reviewed alongside the main study of interest.
Study findings for this report.
Based on the direction, magnitude, and statistical significance of the findings within a domain, the WWC characterizes the findings from a study as one of the following: statistically significant positive effects, substantively important positive effects, indeterminate effects, substantively important negative effects, and statistically significant negative effects. For more, please see the WWC Handbook.
The WWC may review studies for multiple purposes, including different reports and re-reviews using updated standards. Each WWC review of this study is listed in the dropdown. Details on any review may be accessed by making a selection from the drop down list.
Tier 1 Strong indicates strong evidence of effectiveness,
Tier 2 Moderate indicates moderate evidence of effectiveness, and
Tier 3 Promising indicates promising evidence of effectiveness,
as defined in the
non-regulatory guidance for ESSA
and the regulations for ED discretionary grants (EDGAR Part 77).