December 18, 2019
SRI International
Stephanie Suarez, REL Appalachia
Every fall in high schools across the country, counselors, college-access providers, and grade 12 students race against the clock to make sure all college admission requirements have been completed: college entrance examinations, the Free Application for Federal Student Aid (FAFSA) application, personal statements, college applications ... the list goes on. These stressful college entrance requirements are a crucial piece of transitioning to higher education, but there are many ways counselors and college-access providers can support students and their postsecondary transitions throughout the high school experience. One way is to build students' self-efficacy.
Self-efficacy, a component of social-emotional learning (SEL), is the belief in one's ability to succeed or to accomplish a task1. More specifically, academic self-efficacy is the belief that one can do well on academic tasks. Both self-efficacy and academic self-efficacy are linked to students' postsecondary attainment and persistence. College students with high self-efficacy, for example, are better able to adjust to the more rigorous academic expectations in college. They also perceive they have a greater range of career options and majors2. Similarly, academic self-efficacy is linked to aspirations for careers that require advanced education and training3.
While students can face many college-access barriers, from financing their postsecondary education to meeting logistical barriers such as knowing when and how to apply for college, low self-efficacy is often considered an "invisible" barrier. As a result, many students might enter institutions of higher learning without the proper supports for a successful postsecondary transition. Research indicates that self-efficacy is the greatest predictor of students' postsecondary performance and persistence4. As students grow older and progress through middle school and high school, however, their levels of self-efficacy decline5. Given this, practitioners should be intentional about strengthening students' self-efficacy in middle and high school as part of the college-readiness process.
Here are three strategies6 for strengthening self-efficacy you can implement now to help prepare students for postsecondary:
For more concrete examples and detailed explanations of the above strategies, check out:
Footnotes:
1 Bandura, A. (1994). Self-efficacy. In V. S. Ramachaudran (Ed.), Encyclopedia of human behavior, vol. 4, pp. 71–81. New York: Academic Press. Reprinted in H. Friedman (Ed.), Encyclopedia of mental health, San Diego: Academic Press, 1998.