At least one finding shows strong evidence of effectiveness
At least one statistically significant positive finding
Meets WWC standards without reservations
For:
-
Single Study Review (findings for Expanded Pell Grant eligibility)
Rating:
-
Meets WWC standards without reservations
because it is a randomized controlled trial with low attrition.
This review may not reflect the full body of research evidence for this intervention.
Evidence Tier rating based solely on this study. This intervention may achieve a higher tier when combined with the full body of evidence.
College Enrollment outcomes—Statistically significant positive effect found for the domain
Outcome
measure
|
Comparison
|
Period
|
Sample
|
Intervention
mean
|
Comparison
mean
|
Significant?
|
Improvement
index
|
Evidence
tier
|
|
Enrolled in any college
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
1 Year
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
82.70
|
63.10
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in any college
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
8 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
78.20
|
64.20
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in Study School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
1 Year
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
77.90
|
51.90
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in a Certificate Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
1 Year
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
48.10
|
31.30
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in Study School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
8 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
66.40
|
51.80
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in a Certificate Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
8 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
56.50
|
48.30
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Enrolled in An Associate's Degree Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
8 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
3.30
|
2.70
|
No
|
--
|
|
|
Enrolled in An Associate's Degree Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
1 Year
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
4.80
|
5.60
|
No
|
--
|
|
Industry-Recognized Credential, Certificate, or License outcomes—Statistically significant positive effect found for the domain
Outcome
measure
|
Comparison
|
Period
|
Sample
|
Intervention
mean
|
Comparison
mean
|
Significant?
|
Improvement
index
|
Evidence
tier
|
|
Completed a Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
30 Months
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
54.20
|
39.40
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Completed a Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
10 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
64.30
|
54.90
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Completed a Program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
10 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
64.30
|
54.90
|
Yes
|
--
|
|
|
Completed a Certificate program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
30 Months
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
39.10
|
20.00
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Completed a Program at Study School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
30 Months
|
Experiment 1: Short-Term Training;
414 students
|
52.40
|
35.60
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Completed a Program at Study School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
10 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
47.00
|
37.70
|
Yes
|
|
|
|
Completed a Certificate program at Any School
|
Expanded Pell Grant eligibility vs.
Business as usual
|
10 Months
|
Experiment 2: Very Short-Term Training;
2,270 students
|
44.10
|
38.00
|
Yes
|
|
|
Evidence Tier rating based solely on this study. This intervention may achieve a higher tier when combined with the full body of evidence.
Characteristics of study sample as reported by study author.
-
Female: 41%
Male: 60%
-
Rural, Suburban, Urban
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- B
- A
- C
- D
- E
- F
- G
- I
- H
- J
- K
- L
- P
- M
- N
- O
- Q
- R
- S
- V
- U
- T
- W
- X
- Z
- Y
- a
- h
- i
- b
- d
- e
- f
- c
- g
- j
- k
- l
- m
- n
- o
- p
- q
- r
- s
- t
- u
- v
- x
- w
- y
Midwest, Northeast, South, West
Setting
The U.S. Department of Education (ED) piloted two experimental expansions to Pell Grant eligibility. Experiment 1 consisted of a Pell Grant offer for short-term occupational training programs (up to 1 year for full-time students and 2 years for part-time students), and Experiment 2 consisted of a Pell Grant offer for very short-term occupational training programs (8 to 15 weeks). A small number of students (78) were interested in and eligible for both experiments. The study took place in 46 postsecondary schools and programs at mostly public, two-year colleges. About half of the postsecondary schools were concentrated in the Southeast region of the country. Thirty-five schools participated in Experiment 1 and 28 schools participated in Experiment 2. Seventeen schools participated in both experiments (which is not included in the review).
Study sample
The study schools identified and randomly assigned eligible students within schools in each of the two experiments between November 2012 and March 2017. For the 35 schools that participated in Experiment 1, there were 414 students in the analysis. All the students had a bachelor’s degree, 64 percent were female, and 93 percent were independent of their parents. On average, they were 36 years of age and had a gross income of $20,670. Almost a quarter (24 percent) were already enrolled in a study school though not in the program for which they hoped to receive an experimental Pell Grant, as required by the study. For the 28 schools that participated in Experiment 2, there were 2,270 students in these analyses. About half (53 percent) had some college education, 36 percent were female, and 85 percent were independent. On average, they were 32 years of age and had a gross income of $22,451. Fourteen percent were already enrolled in a study school.
Intervention Group
Under the authority to waive federal financial aid regulations under the Experimental Sites Initiative of the Higher Education Act, the two experimental pilots waived specific eligibility rules for a limited number of postsecondary schools that volunteered to participate and randomly assigned students to the expanded Pell Grant eligible condition. Experiment 1 allowed income-eligible students with a bachelor’s degree to obtain Pell Grants for short-term occupational training programs that lasted up to one year for students enrolled full-time and up to two years for students enrolled part-time. Experiment 2 allowed income-eligible students to obtain Pell Grants for very short-term programs from eight to fifteen weeks. Only students with annual family incomes of up to about $50,000, who did not already have a bachelor’s degree, and enrolled in programs that last at least a typical semester (8 to 15 weeks) were eligible to receive the grant. Consistent with current federal aid rules, both experiments called for schools to require students to use the experimental Pell Grant for credit-earning programs leading to an educational certificate. Grant amounts were based on the program’s length and the number of credits awarded.
Comparison Group
Students in the comparison group could receive any other financial aid for which they were eligible, as determined by study schools; however, they did qualify for the experimental Pell Grant under expanded eligibility for short or very short-term occupational training.
Support for implementation
No supports for implementation were described.
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