Project Activities
Research question
- How effective was instruction based on Sam and Pat in improving the English reading and language skills of low-literacy adult ESL learners?
- Was Sam and Pat effective for certain groups of students (e.g., native Spanish speakers)?
- Was there a relationship between the amount of instruction in reading and English language skills and reading and English language outcomes?
Structured Abstract
Design
Ten sites across four states participated in this study. Across these sites, approximately 30 teachers were randomly assigned to implement "Sam and Pat" within their classrooms or to deliver their site's usual ESL curriculum. Approximately 1,300 adult ESL learners across two cohorts participated in the evaluation. Learners were randomly assigned to a classroom in which Sam and Pat was implemented or a classroom that delivered the usual ESL curriculum. The study's data collection included teacher background surveys, learner background interviews, classroom observations, classroom attendance logs, and pre- and post-tests of learners' English reading and speaking abilities.
Key findings
- More reading instruction was observed in Sam and Pat classes, while more English language instruction was observed in control classes.
- Although students in both groups of classes made gains in reading and English language skills, no differences in reading and English language outcomes were found between students in the Sam and Pat group and students in the control group.
- There were no impacts of Sam and Pat on reading or English language outcomes for five of six subgroups. For learners with relatively lower baseline levels of literacy, there was suggestive evidence of a positive impact on reading outcomes. Among this subset of learners, Sam and Pat students scored statistically significantly higher on the Woodcock Johnson word attack (decoding) assessment than control group students. However, it is possible that the effect is due to chance.
People and institutions involved
IES program contact(s)
Products and publications
A report, titled The Impact of a Reading Intervention for Low-Literate Adult ESL Learners, was released in December 2010.
A restricted-use file containing de-identified data is available for the purposes of replicating study findings and secondary analysis.
Questions about this project?
To answer additional questions about this project or provide feedback, please contact the program officer.
