Wood, Carla; Fitton, Lisa; Petscher, Yaacov; Rodriguez, Estrella; Sunderman, Gretchen; Lim, Taehyeong (2018). Journal of Speech, Language, and Hearing Research, v61 n8 p1945-1969. Retrieved from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1187764
Reviewed: November 2018
This review may not reflect the full body of research evidence for this intervention.
Evidence Tier rating based solely on this study. This intervention may achieve a higher tier when combined with the full body of evidence.
|
Outcome measure |
Comparison | Period | Sample |
Intervention mean |
Comparison mean |
Significant? |
Improvement index |
Evidence tier |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test IV (PPVT-IV) |
BLOOM vs. Business as usual |
0 Months |
Full sample;
|
93.77 |
89.66 |
Yes |
|
|
|
Expressive definitions |
BLOOM vs. Business as usual |
0 Days |
Full sample;
|
21.99 |
20.67 |
No |
-- |
Characteristics of study sample as reported by study author.
The study took place in 21 kindergarten and 25 first-grade classrooms across eight public schools located in Florida and Kansas. (p. 5)
According to parent reports, 95% of the sample was eligible for free or reduced price lunch. At the end of the school year, 51.2% of the final participant pool was male and 48.8% female. All students spoke Spanish at home. (p. 5)
Students in the intervention condition participated in supplemental Bridging for Language Outcomes in the Classroom (BLOOM) e-book sessions embedded with explicit vocabulary instruction. In the intervention condition, children listened to the recorded e-books three times a week for 10-20 weeks. The e-book sessions lasted 25 minutes and contained explicit instruction in both Spanish and English on targeted words as the words occurred in the book. This explicit instruction included previewing the target words, expanding and bridging across the two languages, visual representations of the function of the words through video clips, providing game-like word map activities with tiered supports, and a final audio and visual review. (pp. 6-7)
Students in the comparison condition participated in supplemental Bridging for Language Outcomes in the Classroom (BLOOM) e-book sessions without embedded instruction, directions, or additional language content apart from a recording of the text appearing on the page. Students read the same e-books as students the intervention conditions. They participated in 10-15 minute sessions 3 times a week for 10-20 weeks. (p. 7)
Depending on the day of the week and availability of classroom-support personnel, teachers, classroom assistants, paraeducators, volunteers, and researchers assisted children with logging into the computers for the e-book sessions (p. 9)
An indicator of the effect of the intervention, the improvement index can be interpreted as the expected change in percentile rank for an average comparison group student if that student had received the intervention.
For more, please see the WWC Glossary entry for improvement index.
An outcome is the knowledge, skills, and attitudes that are attained as a result of an activity. An outcome measures is an instrument, device, or method that provides data on the outcome.
A finding that is included in the effectiveness rating. Excluded findings may include subgroups and subscales.
The sample on which the analysis was conducted.
The group to which the intervention group is compared, which may include a different intervention, business as usual, or no services.
The timing of the post-intervention outcome measure.
The number of students included in the analysis.
The mean score of students in the intervention group.
The mean score of students in the comparison group.
The WWC considers a finding to be statistically significant if the likelihood that the finding is due to chance alone, rather than a real difference, is less than five percent.
The WWC reviews studies for WWC products, Department of Education grant competitions, and IES performance measures.
The name and version of the document used to guide the review of the study.
The version of the WWC design standards used to guide the review of the study.
The result of the WWC assessment of the study. The rating is based on the strength of evidence of the effectiveness of the intervention. Studies are given a rating of Meets WWC Design Standards without Reservations, Meets WWC Design Standards with Reservations, or >Does Not Meet WWC Design Standards.
A related publication that was reviewed alongside the main study of interest.
Study findings for this report.
Based on the direction, magnitude, and statistical significance of the findings within a domain, the WWC characterizes the findings from a study as one of the following: statistically significant positive effects, substantively important positive effects, indeterminate effects, substantively important negative effects, and statistically significant negative effects. For more, please see the WWC Handbook.
The WWC may review studies for multiple purposes, including different reports and re-reviews using updated standards. Each WWC review of this study is listed in the dropdown. Details on any review may be accessed by making a selection from the drop down list.
Tier 1 Strong indicates strong evidence of effectiveness,
Tier 2 Moderate indicates moderate evidence of effectiveness, and
Tier 3 Promising indicates promising evidence of effectiveness,
as defined in the
non-regulatory guidance for ESSA
and the regulations for ED discretionary grants (EDGAR Part 77).
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